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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
The following drugs have been associated with arrhythmias and the typical (type-1) Brugada syndrome ECG. Therefore the BrugadaDrugs.org Advisory Board strongly advices to avoid these drugs in Brugada syndrome patients or to use these drugs only after extensive consideration and/or in controlled conditions.Notes about the lists:On this list we summarized those drugs for which there is literature available for an association between the drug and arrhythmias in Brugada syndromeDrugs are listed with up to 3 common brand names. There may be over 100 different brand names for different drugs, an effort to list those we know of you can find here. It is also important to look at the active drugs in medicines that contain a combination of drugs.Lists contain links to DrugBank or PubChem (click on the drug name) and also (several) PubMed links to articles on the association between the drug and Brugada syndrome (click on the reference).We advise our Brugada syndrome patients to give this letter to all of their health care providers.Lists contain a classifying column ‘Recommendation’ in which the available evidence from the literature and the expert opinion of the BrugadaDrugs.org Advisory Board is described. Please note that there are no randomized clinical studies in Brugada syndrome patients, therefore the level of evidence is mostly C (only consensus opinion of experts, case studies, or standard-of-care) and for some B (non-randomized studies).Class I: There is evidence and/or general agreement that a given drug is potentially arrhythmic in Brugada syndrome patients.Class IIa:There is conflicting evidence and/or divergence of opinion about thedrug, but the weight of evidence/opinion is in favor of a potentially arrhythmic effect in Brugada syndrome patients.Class IIb: There is conflicting evidence and/or divergence of opinion about thedrug, and the potential arrhythmic effect in Brugada syndrome patients is less well established by evidence/opinion.Class III: There is no or very little evidence and/or general agreement that a drug is potentially arrhythmic in Brugada syndrome patients. You can find a list of these drugs on this page.For information on the treatment of co-morbidities in Brugada syndrome patients several papers are available, e.g. Postema et al. 2013 (free PMC article).Please also read our Disclaimer.Antiarrhythmic drugs Generic nameBrand name®Clinical useReferencesClass Ajmalinee.g.Gilurytmal®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1A: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasBrugada 1997 Rolf 2003Wolpert 2005Bébarová 2005I Allapinine.g.Allapinine®Glialin®Lappaconite Hydrobromide®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1C: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasSokolov 2014Khisamutdinova 2007IIb Ethacizine.g.Ethacizine®Etacizin®Etmozin®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1C: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasMakarov 2011Bolotina 1992IIb Flecainidee.g.Tambocor®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1C: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasKrishnan 1998Brugada 2000Gasparini 2003Meregalli 2006Stokoe 2007I Pilsicainidee.g.Sunrhythm®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1C: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasTakenaka 1999Fujiki 1999Takagi 2002Kimura 2004I Procainamidee.g.Procan®Pronestyl®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1A: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasMiyazaki 1996Brugada 1997Joshi 2007Villemaire 1992I Propafenonee.g.Rythmol®-other names-Antiarrhythmic Agent(1C: Na-blocker) /ArrhythmiasMatana 2000Akdemir 2002Hasdemir 2006Shan 2008Stark 1996IIaRecommendation class: Class I: convincing evidence/opinion; Class IIa: evidence/opinion less clear; Class IIb: conflicting evidence/opinion; Class III: very little evidence.Psychotropic drugs Generic nameBrand name®Clinical useReferencesClass Amitriptylinee.g.Elavil®Sarotex®Tryptizol®-other names-Antidepressive(Tricyclic)Bolognesi 1997Rouleau 2001Bebarta 2007Nau 2000IIa Clomipraminee.g.Anafranil®Anafril®-other names-Antidepressive(Tricyclic)Goldgran 2002Pacher 2000IIa Desipraminee.g.Norpramin®Pentofran®-other names-Antidepressive(Tricyclic)Babaliaros 2002Chow 2005Akhtar 2006Sudoh 2003 IIa Lithiume.g.Eskalith®-other names-AntidepressiveBabalarios 2002Darbar 2005Wright 2010IIb Loxapinee.g.Cloxazepine®Loxitane®-other names-AntipsychoticRouleau 2001Kinugawa 1988IIa Nortriptylinee.g.Nortrilen®Pamelor®-other names-Antidepressive(Tricyclic)Bardai 2013Tada 2001Muir 1982Sudoh 2003IIa Oxcarbazepine*e.g.Trileptal®-other names-Anti-epilepticEl-Menyar 2011Huang 2008IIa Trifluoperazinee.g.Fluoperazine®Stelazine®--other names-Antipsychotic(Phenothiazine)Rouleau 2001Klöckner 1987IIaRecommendation class: Class I: convincing evidence/opinion; Class IIa: evidence/opinion less clear; Class IIb: conflicting
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