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Author: Admin | 2025-04-28
Or joint disorders (TJDs) (n = 118), infantile IHPS (n = 8), and ventricular tachycardias (n = 4). The full list is shown in ESM Appendix 4.Cardiac toxicityMost prospective studies in children did not evaluate the risk of cardiac toxicity. Cardiac toxicity was only studied or reported in eight studies (six prospective, one retrospective, and one case report). Among prospective studies, five RCTs and one prospective cohort study reported 79 cardiac adverse events (Table 4) [35,36,37,38,39,40]. One prospective study where children received weekly azithromycin for 6 months reported statistically significant QT prolongation [35]. QT prolongation was also noted in two other studies. Two studies reported irregular heart rates and two studies reported no adverse events. A retrospective cohort study that compared azithromycin (n = 5039) with penicillin or cephalosporin (n = 77,943) in pediatric patients found that the rate of cardiac arrest in the azithromycin group was lower than that of the penicillin or cephalosporin groups (0.04% vs 0.14%, P = 0.04) [41]. A case report described severe bradyarrhythmia in a 9-month-old infant who received over 50 mg/kg azithromycin intravenously over 20 min [42].Table 4 RCTs and prospective cohort studies that monitored cardiac ADRsFull size tablePyloric stenosisA retrospective cohort study utilized a large health system database and evaluated 1,074,236 children born over a period of 12 years [43]; 2466 infants developed IHPS and 4875 infants received azithromycin in the first 90 days of life and eight of these infants (all boys) developed IHPS. The study demonstrated an increased risk following
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